The weight of a human brain is about 2% of the total body weight. Within the first two years of live the human brain comes to a size of 75-80% and by the age of 6 years it becomes of full size. To protect it from injuries it is protected by a bony case called cranium. The covering is also known as cranial meninges. The brain is pink in color with lot of wrinkles all of it. It is made of 100 billion neurons. Each neuron is connected to 25000 other cells and so there are about 2.5 million billion inter linked nerve connections in the brain. The human brain has three different sections- the fore brain, the mid brain and the hind brain. The various functions of the brain are carried on by these three specified parts.
- The fore brain- the fore brain is made up of the cerebrum and the diencephalons. The cerebrum and the diencephalons have different functions of the brain to carry out.
The cerebrum is the largest part of the brain. It is divided into two separate hemispheres and each of these hemispheres is divided into four lobes. The lobes are separated by three deep groves or participation called fissures. There are the frontal lobes, temporal lobe, parietal lobes and occipital lobe.
The front lobe- it helps in the inner monitoring of the thoughts which are complex. It also helps to perform the complex ideas and this is from where the creative ideas emerge. This part helps in the translation of the various different memories and perceptions into actions. The personality and will power development is affected by the frontal lobe. The decision making ability and the abstract abilities are also controlled by this part. The other various function involved are reasoning, problem solving and parts of speech.
The temporal lobe- is associated with the interpretation and the decoding of sounds. Language compression is also done by this part. Orientation and the perception of stimuli which are some of the functions of the brain are also carried out by this part.
Parietal lobe- the feeling of the various senses such as touch, hot and cold is experienced by this area. The parietal lobe also helps in activities such as dressing yourself and reading the clock.
Decoding and interpretation is carried out by the occipital lobe. The understating of colors and shapes the occipital lobe is responsible.
Another part of the fore brain is Cerebral Cortex- the outside of the cerebrum is called the cerebral cortex. It is grey in color and therefore it is referred as the grey matter. Even the outer layer is divided into various divisions to carry on the various functions of the brain.
The diencephalon is a hidden structure. It consists if the subcortical nuclei, the thalamus and the hypothalamus.
Subcortical Nuclei has various collections of nuclei. Each of this has its special function. It controls the various actions automatically. The planning and the execution of the various actions are done by this part.
The function of the thalamus is to receive various senses from the sense organs. It mainly functions according to the signals. It evaluates them according to their importance and passes them.
The hypothalamus at the base of the thalamus carries out various functions of the brain. Some of the functions are controlling the visceral activities. The nucleus in the hypothalamus gives instructions of eating, drinking, getting angry and so on. It also maintains the body balance. It also regulated the behaviors which are related to survival.
The body temperature is also maintained by this part of the brain. Heart beat and respiration is also controlled by it.
- The Mid Brain- it is the middle part of the brain. The voluntary muscle activities are controlled by this part of the brain. It is also concerned with the auditory and the visual reflexes of the brain. The sensory information from the eyes and the muscles are also received by this part. The reflex action coordination that is the movement of the eyes and the muscles are from this part. Auditory reflexes are also controlled by this part.
- The Hind Brain. The last part of the brain is hind brain. It is also divided into various parts to carry out the numerous functions of the brain.
The cerebellum is the largest part of the entire brain. There are two hemispheres inside it. Posture and equilibrium is maintained by this part. Rapid muscular activities like that of running and jumping is also carried out by this part.
The medulla oblongata controls the subconscious actives like that of breathing, digestion, blinking and heart beat.
The last part of the hind brain is the Pons Varolii. It relays information between the cerebrum and the cerebellum.
These are various functions of the brain. The huge numbers of diverse functions are divided into various parts which enable the human beings to function accordingly.
